Abstract: Many Japanese believe that foreign immigrants bring crime. Do they? Using municipality-level data from 2013 to 2023 and fixed effects regressions at the municipality level we study the relation between immigrants and crime. During the first few years, too few prefectures disclosed municipality-level crime data to let us reach a conclusion. During the last half of the period, the results are unambiguous: immigrants are associated with a small but statistically significant increase in crime — an elasticity of 0.2. Immigrants may or may not raise crimes in the West — Japan has unusually little crime — but in Japan they are indeed associated with higher crime rates.